本书的目的在于从品性伦理以及哲学治疗的观点来对朱子修养论中的气质概念作一新的探讨。如众所知，朱子从两个层次来把握人性，这便是本然之性与气质之性。气质之性意味着人出生时受气禀的影响而具有的各自的性格的倾向性；本然之性指的是潜在于气质之性中的道德本性。在朱子看来，尽管人潜在性地具有道德本性，但气质之性的影响使得它不能完全发挥出来。因此朱子修养论的主要目标之一便是通过修养功夫来去除气质的影响，以此来改变"心的倾向性"，使得潜在的道德本性圆满地发挥出来。
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